Manufacturing and Service Sector Roles in the Evolution of Innovation and Productivity
Manufacturing and Service Sector Roles in the Evolution of Innovation and Productivity The relative size of the manufacturing sector in an economy depends on its stage of development. As economies become more industrialized, employment and output increase rapidly. Eventually, for large-enough levels of development, the contribution of the manufacturing sector starts declining in favor of the service sector. That is, manufacturing's contribution to employment and output follows an inverted U-pattern. 1 This key feature of economic growth reflects structural change across different sectors: The agriculture sector shrinks, the service sector expands, and the manufacturing sector exhibits a hump-shaped pattern. In this essay, we analyze differences in trends between the manufacturing and service sectors along several dimensions. For a sample of 24 countries and for the period 2000-14, we collected annual data on employment and value-added, which are the typical measures used to analyz...